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Fort Donelson was a fortress built by the Confederacy during the American Civil War to control the Cumberland River leading to the heart of Tennessee, and the heart of the Confederacy. The fort was named after Confederate general Daniel S. Donelson.〔(The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture: Fort Donelson. ) Retrieved 2012-08-03.〕 ==History== Bushrod Johnson of the Confederate Corps of Engineers had approved the build site and supervised construction in 1862. The site commanded a bend on the west side of the Cumberland River opposite Fort Henry which is located on a bend in the Tennessee River about 10 miles west. To the north flows Hickman River, a backwater channel that was impassable except by boat or bridge, and to the east a small tributary named Indian Creek. The fort, which was meant to house troops and protect the water batteries from sorties, had a few acres of log huts. Like Fort Henry, which had fallen to Union troops on February 6, Fort Donelson would not be able to defeat a large scale assault but officers wanted to hold the position as long as possible. Engineers began improving defensive positions by digging rifle pits along a ridgeline and breastworks were built in "a three-mile arc which inclosed the bluff on the north, and the countryseat hamlet of Dover on the south, the main supply base." Cannons including a 128 pounder and two 32 pounders were placed atop the hundred foot bluff within the arc. Construction was started by a large force of men brought from the nearby Cumberland Iron Works. Confederate commanders * Bushrod Johnson (Feb 9, 1862) * Gideon J. Pillow (Feb 10–13, 1862) * John B. Floyd (Feb 14–16, 1862) * Simon B. Buckner, Sr. (Feb 16, 1862) * Major Rice E. Graves, Jr., Artillery Commander Fort Donelson was garrisoned by the Confederate troops until 1862. The fort was captured by Union General Ulysses S. Grant and his army during a winter offensive to divide the Confederacy in two by controlling the Mississippi River. (see Battle of Fort Donelson) The fort was attacked again on August 25, 1863, by a Confederate force demanding its surrender. The attack was unsuccessful and was repulsed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fort Donelson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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